In the conditions of geopolitical instability, energy shocks and growing competition for strategic resources, the topic of natural resources is once again returning to the center of the global agenda. The rise in energy prices, tensions in the Middle East and the debates around the Green Deal raise the issue of resource independence of countries with new force.
In this context, Ivaylo Koprev, rector of the University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski“, spoke to p26.bg about the role of mining in the modern economy, the potential of Bulgarian natural resources and the future of engineering education.
„Mineral resources are a matter of national security“
We live in a time when the Green Deal and energy transformation are central topics in Europe. Against the backdrop of geopolitical crises and rising energy prices, it seems that the role of natural resources is once again returning to the center of attention. Is that what you think?
Prof. Ivaylo Koprev:
Absolutely.
Back in 2020, we, as a mining and geological community, expressed a clear position that the extraction of mineral resources is one of the most direct paths to national sovereignty and economic independence.
At that time, such statements were often received skeptically. Today, however, we see how the world is gradually returning to reality - without resources, there is no industry, no energy and no economic stability.
Bulgaria has a strategic advantage - it is a country with traditions in mining and proven expert potential.
Unfortunately, however, there are decisions that limit the development of the sector. One of the most striking examples is the moratorium on uranium exploration, introduced in 1993.
This is a resource that is of great importance for nuclear energy and the energy security of countries. Bulgaria has been a traditional uranium producer and has the potential to return to this position.
„Bulgaria has only been explored 5%“
Is there a real opportunity for Bulgaria to play a more important role in the extraction of strategic raw materials in Europe?
Prof. Koprev:
I will give one indicative fact - Bulgaria has only been geologically explored about 5%.
This means that a huge part of the country's resource potential remains unknown. If the state invests purposefully in geological exploration, the results can be extremely significant.
We already have serious examples of successful development in this sector.
Mines such as Chelopech or Elatsite are internationally known. They are visited by specialists from all over the world who come to study the technologies and practices used in Bulgaria.
It is important to note another thing - the technological revolution in recent decades has completely changed the perception of the value of minerals.
Materials that were considered waste 20 or 30 years ago are today key raw materials for high technologies.
One of the most striking examples is lithium. Until a few decades ago, it was practically not considered a strategic resource. Today it is a key component in batteries for electric vehicles and modern electronics.
„Bulgarian engineering education remains competitive“
Is there sufficient expert potential in our country to develop this sector?
Prof. Koprev:
Yes, and this is something we can be proud of.
In Europe today, there are only three specialized mining universities - in Sofia, in Freiberg (Germany) and in Leoben (Austria).
The University of Mining and Geology in Sofia is among these institutions with long-standing traditions and international recognition.
Bulgarian engineers are extremely sought after in the mining industry around the world. Many of them work in international companies in Europe, Australia, South America and Africa.
In some large mining companies in our country, over 90% of the engineering staff are Bulgarian specialists.
This shows that our education remains competitive.
“Young people are interested“
Many universities in Bulgaria are experiencing difficulties with admissions. What is the situation at your university?
Prof. Koprev:
Fortunately, the trend is different here.
Over the past three years, the University of Mining and Geology has had a 100% successful admission rate under state order.
An interesting fact is that 37% of students are women. This shows that the profession is no longer perceived as traditionally “male”.
One of the reasons for the interest is our connection with the industry. Our students start real production internships from the first year.
This way, they get an idea of the profession very early and see the real opportunities for development.
Ecology and mining – is coexistence possible?
One of the most frequently raised questions is the conflict between ecology and the extraction of natural resources. Does such a conflict exist?
Prof. Koprev:
In my opinion, this is largely an artificially created opposition.
The modern mining industry operates under extremely strict environmental standards.
For large international companies, social and environmental responsibility are key factors that influence their market value.
The more sustainable and environmentally friendly their practices are, the higher their assessment on international markets.
There are also examples of successful practices in Bulgaria. A number of mines use modern water purification and land reclamation systems.
„The most valuable resource is human capital“
What would you like for Bulgaria's development in the coming years?
Prof. Koprev:
First - peace.
When there is peace, universities and scientific institutions can work together, exchange knowledge and develop new technologies.
Second - greater awareness of the importance of natural resources.
They can be extracted smartly, sustainably and ecologically, without disturbing the balance with nature.
And most importantly - Bulgaria must invest in its human capital.
Ultimately, the most valuable resource of any country is educated and motivated young people.